China

Justification clause of Announcement No. 61 (2025), verified verbatim against the MOFCOM primary. Re-anchored 2026-08-11: the claim previously cited a third-party bilingual translation and the wording coded at that time (为了维护国家安全和国家利益) does not appear in the announcement, despite a note asserting it was reproduced from the primary. Unlike Announcement No. 46, this text carries no non-proliferation clause, so only national security is coded. This re-anchoring was lost to an accidental working-tree revert on 2026-08-12 and restored the same day by re-fetching the primary and re-reading the clause.

Chinese state-media (Global Times English edition) rendering of MOFCOM's rationale. Pairs the national-security justification with a normalization framing — that the controls are consistent with international practice and dual-use obligations.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 23 (2023), verified verbatim against the MOFCOM primary. Re-anchored 2026-08-10: the claim previously cited a state-media English report that does not carry the Chinese text, and the wording coded at that time was a near-paraphrase that does not appear in the announcement. The announcement carries no non-proliferation clause, so only national security is coded — a real, narrower framing than the rare-earth and tungsten measures, and identical to the graphite announcement.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 46 (2024), verified verbatim against the MOFCOM primary. Re-anchored from CSET's bilingual translation to the primary: the wording coded from CSET (为了维护国家安全和利益，履行防扩散等国际义务) differs from the announcement, which reads 为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务 — no 了, and an enumeration comma rather than a full comma. The English is the project's own rendering and now carries 等国际义务 ("and other international obligations"), which the previous translation dropped. The category follows the literal text (national security + non-proliferation/compliance); the retaliation reading rests on the one-day-after-BIS timing and is recorded in the event's analytical significance, not the quote. This re-anchoring was lost to an accidental working-tree revert on 2026-08-12 and restored the same day by re-fetching the primary.

Statutory justification clause of Announcement No. 18 (2025), from the MOFCOM primary. Pairs the national-security justification with the non-proliferation/compliance clause, the same framing as Announcement No. 46.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 39 (2023), from the MOFCOM primary. The graphite announcement text does not carry the non-proliferation clause, so only national security is coded — a real, narrower framing than the rare-earth and tungsten measures.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 10 (2025), from the MOFCOM primary. Same national-security + non-proliferation/compliance clause as Announcement No. 18 and No. 46.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 33 (2024), from the MOFCOM primary (inspected 2026-07-09). Identical national-security + non-proliferation formula later used in Announcements No. 10 and No. 18 of 2025 — the antimony measure is where this now-standard clause entered the mineral-controls series.

From the MOFCOM spokesperson Q&A on the Kuala Lumpur joint arrangement (30 Oct 2025), which pairs this sentence with the US pausing its 29 September 50% penetration rule for one year — an explicitly reciprocal, time-bound exchange. Coded leverage_retaliation on that reciprocity structure. Announcement No. 70 itself contains no justification clause (only 经批准), so the framing anchor is the spokesperson statement, not the instrument text.

Article 1 of the Export Control Law. The Chinese is verbatim from the NPC's Chinese text (src-npc-ecl-2020); the English is the NPC's own official translation, which is why quoteEnSource is "official" and the claim resolves to the English edition. This is the statutory original of the national-security-plus-non-proliferation formula that the later MOFCOM announcements reuse — compare fc-cn-us-ban-natsec, where Announcement No. 46 carries the same two limbs in abbreviated form.

Article 1, verbatim from the State Council's administrative-regulations database. The clause reproduces the Export Control Law's Article 1 purpose formula and adds the subordination to that statute; the translation here is this project's own, rendered to match the NPC's official English of the parent provision where the wording is identical.

Article 1 of the Regulations on Rare Earth Administration, verbatim from the State Council portal; translation is this project's own. Three categories are coded because the single sentence carries three distinct limbs — resource protection and ecological security, industrial development, and national resource and industrial security. Worth contrasting with the export-control instruments: this justification is entirely domestic and mentions no foreign state, no non-proliferation obligation and no export.

Justification clause from the MOFCOM notice's second paragraph, verified verbatim (including punctuation) against the primary. Coded national_security only: the clause pairs security with "development interests" but does not itself elaborate an economic-security or resilience rationale, so no broader category is inferred from it.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 56 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23; the same national-security and non-proliferation pairing as Announcement No. 18.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 57 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23; the same national-security and non-proliferation pairing as Announcement No. 18.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 58 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23; the same national-security and non-proliferation pairing as Announcement No. 18.

Justification clause of Announcement No. 62 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23. Like No. 61 it carries no non-proliferation limb, so only national security is coded.