MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 (2024)
MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024 on strengthening export controls of dual-use items to the United States
商务部公告2024年第46号 关于加强相关两用物项对美国出口管制的公告
English title: project / third-party translation
Summary
Issued one day after a US BIS action adding ~140 entities and tightening chip controls, this barred, in principle, exports to the US of gallium, germanium, antimony, and superhard materials, prohibited all dual-use exports to US military end users/uses, and tightened graphite end-use review. The materials ban (Article 2) was suspended by MOFCOM Announcement No. 72 of 2025, effective to 27 November 2026; the Article 1 military-end-use prohibition was not addressed.
Analytical significance
The clearest country-specific escalation of the cycle: the first Chinese measure to name the United States as the destination and to close military end-uses outright. It is not a blanket export ban — clause 1 prohibits dual-use exports to US military users and uses, clause 2 denies licences in principle for gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard materials and tightens end-use review for graphite. The retaliation reading rests on the one-day-after-BIS timing and lives here, not in the quoted anchor, which states the national-security and non-proliferation justification.
Instruments in this event
The separate financial commitments and control clauses this announcement contains, each with its own status history and evidence.
Control clauses (3)
Export prohibition · Item 2, first limb
Suspendedto 27 Nov 2026MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 (2024)
End-use restriction · Item 2, second limb
Suspendedto 27 Nov 2026MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 (2024)
Export prohibition · Item 1
In forceMOFCOM Announcement No. 46 (2024)
Framing anchors
Official framing, classified only from quoted passages.
为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务EN to safeguard national security and interests, and to fulfil international obligations including non-proliferation
Justification clause of Announcement No. 46 (2024), verified verbatim against the MOFCOM primary. Re-anchored from CSET's bilingual translation to the primary: the wording coded from CSET (为了维护国家安全和利益，履行防扩散等国际义务) differs from the announcement, which reads 为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务 — no 了, and an enumeration comma rather than a full comma. The English is the project's own rendering and now carries 等国际义务 ("and other international obligations"), which the previous translation dropped. The category follows the literal text (national security + non-proliferation/compliance); the retaliation reading rests on the one-day-after-BIS timing and is recorded in the event's analytical significance, not the quote. This re-anchoring was lost to an accidental working-tree revert on 2026-08-12 and restored the same day by re-fetching the primary.
Affected materials
Related events
Events touching the same materials.
Sources (3)
商务部公告2024年第46号 关于加强相关两用物项对美国出口管制的公告
Primary source中华人民共和国商务部 (Ministry of Commerce, PRC)
Chinese primary for Announcement No. 46 (2024). Read 2026-08-12. Justification clause verbatim: 为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务 — this text does carry the non-proliferation limb, which Announcement No. 61 (2025) does not. Names 镓 (gallium), 锗 (germanium), 锑 (antimony) and 超硬材料 (superhard materials) for the US export ban, with 石墨 (graphite) subject to stricter end-use review. Rebuilt 2026-08-12 after the record was lost to an accidental working-tree revert; re-verified against the primary rather than restored from a copy.
https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2024/art_3d5e990b43424e60828030f58a547b60.html
商务部公告2025年第72号 公布调整实施商务部公告2024年第46号的决定
Primary source中华人民共和国商务部 (Ministry of Commerce, PRC)
Chinese primary for Announcement No. 72 (2025), which suspends the second paragraph of Announcement No. 46 (2024) — the gallium/germanium/antimony/superhard-materials export ban on the United States. Read 2026-08-12; the operative sentence gives the suspension window verbatim as 自即日起至2026年11月27日 (from the date of issue to 27 November 2026). Rebuilt 2026-08-12 after the record was lost to an accidental working-tree revert; re-verified against the primary rather than restored from a copy.
https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_5c68985a6b1a46778e2e8dbff1bb1601.html
Ministry of Commerce Notice 2024 No. 46: Strengthening controls on exports of relevant dual-use items to the United States (CSET translation)
Official translationCenter for Security and Emerging Technology (Georgetown University)
CSET institutional bilingual translation of Announcement No. 46 (2024); source of the verbatim Chinese justification clause.
https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-rare-earth-export-ban/
Citation
Cite this record
This cites the record — the project's coding of the instrument. For a claim about what a government actually did, cite the primary document itself; the sources above carry the canonical URLs.
Strategic Materials Policy Tracker. "MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024 on strengthening export controls of dual-use items to the United States." Record evt-cn-us-ban-2024, 2024-12-03. https://strategic-materials-policy-tracker.vercel.app/events/evt-cn-us-ban-2024