Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China

China's framework export-control statute, adopted 17 October 2020 and in force from 1 December 2020. Article 2 applies it to dual-use items, military products, nuclear items and other goods, technologies and services related to national security and non-proliferation obligations, and defines export control as prohibitive or restrictive measures on transfers out of the PRC and on provision of controlled items by Chinese persons to foreign organisations and individuals. Article 4 establishes a unified system operating through control lists and export licensing; Article 9 permits temporary controls of up to two years on items outside the lists; Article 10 permits outright export bans, including bans directed at specified destination countries, organisations or individuals; Article 12 makes licensing mandatory for listed and temporarily controlled items and extends it to unlisted items where the exporter knows or is notified of specified risks. The statute names no material: material scope is set entirely by the control lists and announcements issued under it.

The legal foundation under which every Chinese rare-earth, gallium, germanium, graphite, antimony and tungsten measure in this database is issued, and the source of the formula those announcements reuse — Article 1's 为了维护国家安全和利益，履行防扩散等国际义务 is the statutory original that MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024 tracks in abbreviated form. Coding it lets the announcement-level records be read as applications of a standing framework rather than as ad hoc acts. Article 10's destination-specific ban power is the express authority behind the 2024 US-directed measure.