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Executive Order 13953 — Addressing the Threat to the Domestic Supply Chain From Reliance on Critical Minerals From Foreign Adversaries and Supporting the Domestic Mining and Processing Industries

Primary source

Executive Office of the President / Federal Register

OfficialenPublished 5 Oct 2020Accessed 12 Aug 2026

Canonical Federal Register text, 85 FR 62539 (FR Doc. 2020-22064), signed 30 September 2020. Read in full 2026-08-12 via the Federal Register full-text endpoint (https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2020/10/05/2020-22064.txt). Source of the verbatim national-emergency determination, the section 2(a) policy statement, and the passages naming China. Note for re-verification: the printed text is hard-wrapped, so quoted passages here have had line breaks removed and no other alteration.

Open original document ↗

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/10/05/2020-22064/addressing-the-threat-to-the-domestic-supply-chain-from-reliance-on-critical-minerals-from-foreign

4 directly citing records. This is a snapshot of the curated public corpus, not a live document monitor or proof that every sentence in the linked document supports every aspect of a record. Status and implementation observations are distinct from executed agreements, cash disbursements and verified physical milestones. Private research and pending editor reviews are excluded.

Policy events

1 distinct published record with an explicit reference to this source.

Addressing the Threat to the Domestic Supply Chain From Reliance on Critical Minerals From Foreign Adversaries and Supporting the Domestic Mining and Processing Industries
evt-us-eo-13953-2020
- Cited policy event

Original-language framing

2 distinct published records with an explicit reference to this source.

Our dependence on one country, the People's Republic of China (China), for multiple critical minerals is particularly concerning.
fc-us-eo13953-china
- Original framing quotation
I therefore determine that our Nation's undue reliance on critical minerals, in processed or unprocessed form, from foreign adversaries constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. I hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
fc-us-eo13953-emergency
- Original framing quotation

Actor profiles

1 distinct published record with an explicit reference to this source.

United States
us
- Actor profile source

Only direct references in published events, field evidence, source-linked status histories, quotations, legal relationships, profiles and reviewed project milestones are shown. These links do not assign causality. See the source hierarchy and verification methodology.