{
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-us-eo-14241-2025",
    "date": "2025-03-20",
    "jurisdiction": "us",
    "issuingBody": "President of the United States (Executive Office of the President)",
    "titleOriginal": "Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production",
    "titleOriginalLang": "en",
    "titleEn": "Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production",
    "titleEnSource": "na",
    "documentNumber": "Executive Order 14241; 90 FR 13673 (FR Doc. 2025-05212)",
    "policyStatus": "in_force",
    "mechanism": [
      "funding",
      "supply_chain_security"
    ],
    "affectedMaterialIds": [
      "rare-earth-elements",
      "dysprosium",
      "terbium",
      "neodymium",
      "praseodymium",
      "gallium",
      "germanium",
      "graphite",
      "antimony",
      "tungsten",
      "lithium",
      "cobalt",
      "nickel"
    ],
    "affectedSectors": [
      "defense",
      "energy",
      "industrial"
    ],
    "summary": "Signed 20 March 2025 and published 25 March 2025, the order directs immediate federal action to expand domestic mineral production. It defines \"mineral\" as a critical mineral under 30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(3) plus uranium, copper, potash, gold and anything else the Chair of the National Energy Dominance Council designates, and defines \"mineral production\" to cover mining, processing, refining and smelting as well as the production of processed critical minerals and derivative products. Operative sections direct agencies to identify and expedite priority permitting projects, deliver recommendations on the Mining Act of 1872, identify federal land suitable for mineral production, and accelerate private and public capital investment — including through the National Security Capital Forum. It creates no export control and no import restriction; it is a domestic supply-side instrument. Executive Order 14261 (8 April 2025) subsequently amended it.",
    "analyticalSignificance": "The anchor instrument of the 2025 US mineral-policy push, and the clearest statement that the American response to Chinese control of processed minerals runs through domestic production and permitting rather than through reciprocal export controls. Predates the tracker's April 2025 scope start by eleven days and is included as a foundational instrument: the later 2025 US measures, including the Section 232 order, build on its definitions and its National Energy Dominance Council machinery.",
    "supersededByEventId": null,
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-fedreg-eo-14241"
    ],
    "verificationStatus": "verified",
    "intakeMode": "backfill",
    "lifecycle": {
      "officialPublicationDate": "2025-03-25",
      "discoveredAt": "2026-08-12",
      "verifiedAt": "2026-08-12",
      "publishedAt": null
    }
  },
  "framing": [
    {
      "id": "fc-us-eo14241-natsec",
      "eventId": "evt-us-eo-14241-2025",
      "actor": "us",
      "category": [
        "national_security",
        "economic_security"
      ],
      "quoteOriginal": "Our national and economic security are now acutely threatened by our reliance upon hostile foreign powers' mineral production.",
      "quoteEn": "Our national and economic security are now acutely threatened by our reliance upon hostile foreign powers' mineral production.",
      "quoteEnSource": "na",
      "sourceId": "src-fedreg-eo-14241",
      "notes": "Purpose clause of the order, verbatim from the Federal Register text. Codes both categories because the sentence names both explicitly. The order does not name China, so no leverage_retaliation is coded: \"hostile foreign powers\" is the government's own formulation and the tracker does not resolve it to a country the text leaves unnamed."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-fedreg-eo-14241",
      "title": "Executive Order 14241 — Immediate Measures To Increase American Mineral Production",
      "publisher": "Executive Office of the President / Federal Register",
      "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/25/2025-05212/immediate-measures-to-increase-american-mineral-production",
      "language": "en",
      "datePublished": "2025-03-25",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-08-12",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Canonical Federal Register text, 90 FR 13673 (FR Doc. 2025-05212), signed 20 March 2025. Read in full 2026-08-12 via the Federal Register full-text endpoint (https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/text/2025/03/25/2025-05212.txt); the HTML page above 302-redirects automated clients to an unblock page, so cite the HTML URL but fetch the text endpoint or the API to re-verify. Source of the verbatim Purpose-clause framing anchor and of the section 2 definitions of \"mineral\" and \"mineral production\"."
    }
  ]
}