{
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-tungsten-2025",
    "date": "2025-02-04",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "issuingBody": "MOFCOM",
    "titleOriginal": "商务部 海关总署公告2025年第10号 公布对钨、碲、铋、钼、铟相关物项实施出口管制的决定",
    "titleOriginalLang": "zh",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 10 of 2025 on export controls on tungsten and related items",
    "titleEnSource": "self",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 10 (2025)",
    "policyStatus": "active",
    "mechanism": [
      "export_control",
      "dual_use_license"
    ],
    "affectedMaterialIds": [
      "tungsten"
    ],
    "affectedSectors": [
      "defense",
      "industrial",
      "energy"
    ],
    "summary": "Added tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, and indium-related items to the dual-use export control list, requiring licenses. Only tungsten is in the v1 material set; the others are noted here, not coded as materials.",
    "analyticalSignificance": "Extended controls into defense-relevant refractory metals where China holds a dominant processing share. The original-language text and a quoted framing anchor are not yet coded.",
    "supersededByEventId": null,
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-mofcom-10",
      "src-iea-tungsten-2025",
      "src-pillsbury-2025"
    ],
    "verificationStatus": "verified",
    "intakeMode": "backfill",
    "lifecycle": {
      "officialPublicationDate": "2025-02-04",
      "discoveredAt": null,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "publishedAt": null
    }
  },
  "framing": [
    {
      "id": "fc-cn-tungsten-natsec",
      "eventId": "evt-cn-tungsten-2025",
      "actor": "china",
      "category": [
        "national_security",
        "compliance_modernization"
      ],
      "quoteOriginal": "为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务",
      "quoteEn": "to safeguard national security and interests and fulfil international obligations such as non-proliferation",
      "quoteEnSource": "self",
      "sourceId": "src-mofcom-10",
      "notes": "Justification clause of Announcement No. 10 (2025), from the MOFCOM primary. Same national-security + non-proliferation/compliance clause as Announcement No. 18 and No. 46."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-10",
      "title": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 10 of 2025 (tungsten et al.)",
      "publisher": "Ministry of Commerce (China)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_e623090907fc4e1092f0a4db72f57b95.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-02-04",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-06-16",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Primary MOFCOM/GACC announcement (No. 10 of 2025) on export controls for tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium related items; source of the verbatim Chinese justification clause."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-iea-tungsten-2025",
      "title": "Decision to Implement Export Controls on Tungsten, Tellurium, Bismuth, Molybdenum and Indium Related Items",
      "publisher": "International Energy Agency (IEA)",
      "url": "https://www.iea.org/policies/26795-decision-to-implement-export-controls-on-tungsten-tellurium-bismuth-molybdenum-and-indium-related-items",
      "language": "en",
      "datePublished": null,
      "dateAccessed": "2026-06-13",
      "sourceType": "dataset",
      "confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "IEA policy database summary of MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 10 (2025) on tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-pillsbury-2025",
      "title": "China suspends export controls on certain critical-minerals-related items",
      "publisher": "Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman",
      "url": "https://www.pillsburylaw.com/en/news-and-insights/china-suspends-export-controls-certain-critical-minerals-related-items.html",
      "language": "en",
      "datePublished": null,
      "dateAccessed": "2026-06-13",
      "sourceType": "news",
      "confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Law-firm timeline of the 2023–2025 Chinese controls and the November 2025 suspensions; used for the February 2025 tungsten measure."
    }
  ]
}