{
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-mofcom-62-2025",
    "date": "2025-10-09",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "issuingBody": "MOFCOM (Bureau of Industrial Security and Import and Export Controls)",
    "titleOriginal": "商务部公告2025第62号 公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定",
    "titleOriginalLang": "zh",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM Announcement No. 62 of 2025: decision to implement export controls on rare-earth-related technologies",
    "titleEnSource": "self",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM Announcement No. 62 (2025)",
    "policyStatus": "suspended",
    "mechanism": [
      "export_control",
      "dual_use_license"
    ],
    "affectedMaterialIds": [
      "rare-earth-elements",
      "ndfeb-magnets"
    ],
    "affectedSectors": [],
    "summary": "Requires a licence to export technology, and its carriers, for rare-earth mining, smelting and separation, metal smelting, magnet manufacturing (samarium-cobalt, NdFeB and cerium magnets) and secondary-resource recovery (1E902.a), and technology for assembling, commissioning, maintaining, repairing and upgrading those production lines (1E902.b). Exporting uncontrolled goods, technology or services the exporter knows are for, or substantially contribute to, such activities abroad also needs a licence, and Chinese citizens and organisations may not give substantive help or support to them without one. Export is defined to include transfer through licensing, investment, exchanges, joint research, employment and consulting. It applied from publication on 9 October 2025; Announcement No. 70 suspended it from 7 November 2025 to 10 November 2026.",
    "analyticalSignificance": "The one October instrument in force before the suspension: for four weeks it restricted the transfer of Chinese rare-earth mining, separation, smelting, magnet and recycling know-how, and Chinese support for those activities abroad, at the same stages where the capital other governments are recorded as providing is aimed. It shares its stage list with No. 61's foreign-direct-product limb, which reaches items made abroad with the same technologies. Suspended from 7 November 2025; the corpus records nothing yet about what follows 10 November 2026.",
    "supersededByEventId": null,
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-mofcom-62",
      "src-mofcom-70"
    ],
    "verificationStatus": "verified",
    "intakeMode": "backfill",
    "lifecycle": {
      "officialPublicationDate": "2025-10-09",
      "discoveredAt": null,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedAt": null
    }
  },
  "framing": [
    {
      "id": "fc-cn-62-2025-natsec",
      "eventId": "evt-cn-mofcom-62-2025",
      "actor": "china",
      "category": [
        "national_security"
      ],
      "quoteOriginal": "为维护国家安全和利益",
      "quoteEn": "to safeguard national security and interests",
      "quoteEnSource": "self",
      "sourceId": "src-mofcom-62",
      "notes": "Justification clause of Announcement No. 62 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23. Like No. 61 it carries no non-proliferation limb, so only national security is coded."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-62",
      "title": "商务部公告2025第62号 公布对稀土相关技术实施出口管制的决定",
      "publisher": "中华人民共和国商务部 (Ministry of Commerce, PRC)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_6cb42957741440c6984de696b70df9ae.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-10-09",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-09-23",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Chinese primary for Announcement No. 62 (2025), read in full 2026-09-23. Justification clause verbatim: 为维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》等法律法规相关规定，经国务院批准. Like No. 61 it carries no non-proliferation limb. Controls 1E902.a (rare-earth mining, smelting-separation, metal-smelting, magnet-manufacturing and secondary-recovery technology and its carriers) and 1E902.b (production-line assembly, commissioning, maintenance, repair and upgrading technology); \"本公告自发布之日起实施\". The two .wps annexes are filing guides, not item lists."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-70",
      "title": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 70 of 2025 (suspension of Announcements Nos. 55, 56, 57, 58, 61 and 62 of 2025)",
      "publisher": "Ministry of Commerce (China)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_b1ec77dd3f0d4762952904df7cdaadec.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-11-07",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-07-09",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Primary suspension decision. Operative text inspected directly: 自即日起至2026年11月10日，商务部、海关总署公告2025年第55号、56号、57号、58号，及商务部公告2025年第61号、62号暂停实施。 The announcement body carries no justification clause beyond 经批准 (upon approval)."
    }
  ]
}