{
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-mofcom-57-2025",
    "date": "2025-10-09",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "issuingBody": "MOFCOM / GACC",
    "titleOriginal": "商务部 海关总署公告2025年第57号 公布对部分中重稀土相关物项实施出口管制的决定",
    "titleOriginalLang": "zh",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM & GACC Announcement No. 57 of 2025: decision to implement export controls on certain medium and heavy rare earth items",
    "titleEnSource": "self",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM & GACC Announcement [2025] No. 57",
    "policyStatus": "suspended",
    "mechanism": [
      "export_control",
      "dual_use_license"
    ],
    "affectedMaterialIds": [
      "rare-earth-elements"
    ],
    "affectedSectors": [],
    "summary": "Adds five medium and heavy rare earths to the dual-use list: holmium (1C909), erbium (1C910), thulium (1C911), europium (1C912) and ytterbium (1C913). For each it covers the metal, named alloys and targets, functional materials containing the element (holmium permanent-magnet, crystal, magnetic-refrigeration and magnetostrictive materials; erbium crystal, optical-fibre, hydrogen-storage and ceramic materials; thulium crystal and luminescent materials; europium phosphors, crystal and hydrogen-absorbing materials; ytterbium crystal, optical-fibre and thermal-barrier-coating materials), and the oxides, compounds and their mixtures. Exports need a MOFCOM licence, and customs declarations must state whether goods are controlled. It was to take effect on 8 November 2025; Announcement No. 70 suspended it from 7 November 2025 to 10 November 2026, so it never took effect.",
    "analyticalSignificance": "The companion to Announcement No. 61 that extended the April 2025 list of seven rare earths (No. 18) with five more. Because it was suspended before its start date, the controlled set in force stayed the April seven; the corpus records nothing yet about what follows 10 November 2026.",
    "supersededByEventId": null,
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-mofcom-57",
      "src-mofcom-70"
    ],
    "verificationStatus": "verified",
    "intakeMode": "backfill",
    "lifecycle": {
      "officialPublicationDate": "2025-10-09",
      "discoveredAt": null,
      "verifiedAt": "2026-09-23",
      "publishedAt": null
    }
  },
  "framing": [
    {
      "id": "fc-cn-57-2025-natsec",
      "eventId": "evt-cn-mofcom-57-2025",
      "actor": "china",
      "category": [
        "national_security",
        "compliance_modernization"
      ],
      "quoteOriginal": "为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务",
      "quoteEn": "to safeguard national security and interests and fulfil international obligations such as non-proliferation",
      "quoteEnSource": "self",
      "sourceId": "src-mofcom-57",
      "notes": "Justification clause of Announcement No. 57 (2025), read verbatim from the MOFCOM primary on 2026-09-23; the same national-security and non-proliferation pairing as Announcement No. 18."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-57",
      "title": "商务部 海关总署公告2025年第57号 公布对部分中重稀土相关物项实施出口管制的决定",
      "publisher": "中华人民共和国商务部、海关总署 (Ministry of Commerce and General Administration of Customs, PRC)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_59ec4f6bec0b459aa4a30c4bbd0a41c1.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-10-09",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-09-23",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Chinese primary for Announcement No. 57 (2025), read in full 2026-09-23. Justification clause verbatim: 根据《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》《中华人民共和国海关法》《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》有关规定，为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务，经国务院批准. Lists 1C909 (holmium), 1C910 (erbium), 1C911 (thulium), 1C912 (europium) and 1C913 (ytterbium) items; \"本公告自2025年11月8日起正式实施\"."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-70",
      "title": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 70 of 2025 (suspension of Announcements Nos. 55, 56, 57, 58, 61 and 62 of 2025)",
      "publisher": "Ministry of Commerce (China)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_b1ec77dd3f0d4762952904df7cdaadec.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-11-07",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-07-09",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Primary suspension decision. Operative text inspected directly: 自即日起至2026年11月10日，商务部、海关总署公告2025年第55号、56号、57号、58号，及商务部公告2025年第61号、62号暂停实施。 The announcement body carries no justification clause beyond 经批准 (upon approval)."
    }
  ]
}