{
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-antimony-2024",
    "date": "2024-08-15",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "issuingBody": "MOFCOM / GACC",
    "titleOriginal": "商务部 海关总署公告2024年第33号 关于对锑等物项实施出口管制的公告",
    "titleOriginalLang": "zh",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 33 of 2024 on export controls on antimony and related items",
    "titleEnSource": "self",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 33 (2024)",
    "policyStatus": "active",
    "mechanism": [
      "export_control",
      "dual_use_license"
    ],
    "affectedMaterialIds": [
      "antimony"
    ],
    "affectedSectors": [
      "defense",
      "semiconductor",
      "industrial"
    ],
    "summary": "Announced 15 August 2024 and effective 15 September 2024, the measure placed antimony-related items — ore and raw materials, metal and products, oxides (99.99% and above), organic antimony compounds, hydrides, indium antimonide, and gold-antimony refining/separation technology — onto the dual-use export-control list, alongside superhard-materials equipment (six-sided presses with cylinder diameter of at least 500 mm or design pressure of at least 5 GPa, MPCVD equipment, and diamond window materials). Exporters must obtain MOFCOM licenses; it is a licensing regime, not an outright ban, and the announcement text names no specific country.",
    "analyticalSignificance": "Extended China's dual-use licensing architecture to antimony — a metal critical to munitions, flame retardants and photovoltaics, where China holds a dominant mine-and-refining share — roughly four months before the 3 December 2024 measure singled out antimony (with gallium and germanium) for a ban on exports to the United States. USGS reporting attributes a near-doubling of the antimony metal price (July–November 2024) to the announcement. The announcement's justification clause is coded as a framing claim from the primary.",
    "supersededByEventId": null,
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-mofcom-33",
      "src-usgs-mcs2025-antimony"
    ],
    "verificationStatus": "verified",
    "intakeMode": "backfill",
    "lifecycle": {
      "officialPublicationDate": "2024-08-15",
      "discoveredAt": null,
      "verifiedAt": null,
      "publishedAt": null
    }
  },
  "framing": [
    {
      "id": "fc-cn-antimony-natsec",
      "eventId": "evt-cn-antimony-2024",
      "actor": "china",
      "category": [
        "national_security",
        "compliance_modernization"
      ],
      "quoteOriginal": "为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务",
      "quoteEn": "to safeguard national security and interests and fulfil international obligations such as non-proliferation",
      "quoteEnSource": "self",
      "sourceId": "src-mofcom-33",
      "notes": "Justification clause of Announcement No. 33 (2024), from the MOFCOM primary (inspected 2026-07-09). Identical national-security + non-proliferation formula later used in Announcements No. 10 and No. 18 of 2025 — the antimony measure is where this now-standard clause entered the mineral-controls series."
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-33",
      "title": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 33 of 2024 (antimony and superhard-materials items)",
      "publisher": "Ministry of Commerce (China)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2024/art_a4711acb06364199a3c5a06d7f2be6d8.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2024-08-15",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-07-09",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Primary MOFCOM/GACC announcement (No. 33 of 2024) implementing export controls on antimony-related items and superhard-materials equipment; effective 15 September 2024. Inspected directly for the verbatim Chinese title and operative scope."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-usgs-mcs2025-antimony",
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 — Antimony",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2025/mcs2025-antimony.pdf",
      "language": "en",
      "datePublished": "2025-01-31",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-07-09",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "secondary",
      "notes": "Official USGS chapter inspected directly (PDF). Documents the August 2024 Chinese licensing requirement (ore, metals, oxides, hydrides, indium antimonides, organo-antimony compounds, gold-antimony separation technology), the near-doubling of the metal price July–November 2024 (Argus data), and the December 2024 ban on exports to the United States. Coded secondary relative to the Chinese instrument: authoritative English corroboration, not the primary text."
    }
  ]
}