{
  "measure": {
    "id": "ctl-cn-us-2024-gallium-germanium-antimony-denial",
    "eventId": "evt-cn-us-ban-2024",
    "measureType": "export_prohibition",
    "direction": "export",
    "clause": "Item 2, first limb",
    "targetScopes": [
      "named_jurisdictions"
    ],
    "targetJurisdictions": [
      "US"
    ],
    "targetEntities": [],
    "targetEndUsersAsStated": [],
    "targetEndUsesAsStated": [],
    "materialIds": [
      "gallium",
      "germanium",
      "antimony"
    ],
    "materialAttribution": "includes_untracked",
    "untrackedMaterialsAsStated": [
      "超硬材料 (superhard materials)"
    ],
    "productScopeAsStated": "原则上不予许可镓、锗、锑、超硬材料相关两用物项对美国出口",
    "productCodes": [],
    "controlledItemTypes": [],
    "controlledStages": [],
    "legalBasisEventIds": [
      "evt-cn-ecl-2020"
    ],
    "legalBasisAsStated": "《中华人民共和国出口管制法》等法律法规",
    "modifiesMeasureIds": [],
    "modifiesExternalInstruments": [],
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "in_force",
        "date": "2024-12-03",
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-46",
        "until": null,
        "note": "本公告自公布之日起正式实施。"
      },
      {
        "status": "suspended",
        "date": "2025-11-09",
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-72",
        "until": "2026-11-27",
        "note": "自即日起至2026年11月27日，商务部公告2024年第46号第二款暂停实施。"
      }
    ],
    "evidence": [
      {
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-46",
        "supports": [
          "measure_type",
          "direction",
          "clause",
          "targets",
          "materials",
          "product_scope",
          "legal_basis",
          "status"
        ],
        "evidence": "explicit",
        "locator": "Item 2",
        "note": null
      },
      {
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-72",
        "supports": [
          "status"
        ],
        "evidence": "explicit",
        "locator": "Operative sentence",
        "note": null
      }
    ],
    "notes": "\"In principle not licensed\" (原则上不予许可): a presumption of denial, coded as a prohibition because licences are not expected to issue. Item 2 also warns that any organisation or individual anywhere that transfers China-origin items to the United States in breach will be held liable; that sentence is not coded as a separate clause."
  },
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-us-ban-2024",
    "date": "2024-12-03",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024 on strengthening export controls of dual-use items to the United States",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 (2024)"
  },
  "modifiedBy": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-46",
      "title": "商务部公告2024年第46号 关于加强相关两用物项对美国出口管制的公告",
      "publisher": "中华人民共和国商务部 (Ministry of Commerce, PRC)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2024/art_3d5e990b43424e60828030f58a547b60.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2024-12-03",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-08-12",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Chinese primary for Announcement No. 46 (2024). Read 2026-08-12. Justification clause verbatim: 为维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务 — this text does carry the non-proliferation limb, which Announcement No. 61 (2025) does not. Names 镓 (gallium), 锗 (germanium), 锑 (antimony) and 超硬材料 (superhard materials) for the US export ban, with 石墨 (graphite) subject to stricter end-use review. Rebuilt 2026-08-12 after the record was lost to an accidental working-tree revert; re-verified against the primary rather than restored from a copy."
    },
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-72",
      "title": "商务部公告2025年第72号 公布调整实施商务部公告2024年第46号的决定",
      "publisher": "中华人民共和国商务部 (Ministry of Commerce, PRC)",
      "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_5c68985a6b1a46778e2e8dbff1bb1601.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2025-11-09",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-08-12",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Chinese primary for Announcement No. 72 (2025), which suspends the second paragraph of Announcement No. 46 (2024) — the gallium/germanium/antimony/superhard-materials export ban on the United States. Read 2026-08-12; the operative sentence gives the suspension window verbatim as 自即日起至2026年11月27日 (from the date of issue to 27 November 2026). Rebuilt 2026-08-12 after the record was lost to an accidental working-tree revert; re-verified against the primary rather than restored from a copy."
    }
  ]
}