{
  "measure": {
    "id": "ctl-cn-gage-2023-export-licensing",
    "eventId": "evt-cn-gage-2023",
    "measureType": "export_licensing",
    "direction": "export",
    "clause": "Item 1",
    "targetScopes": [
      "all_jurisdictions"
    ],
    "targetJurisdictions": [],
    "targetEntities": [],
    "targetEndUsersAsStated": [],
    "targetEndUsesAsStated": [],
    "materialIds": [
      "gallium",
      "germanium"
    ],
    "materialAttribution": "tracked_only",
    "untrackedMaterialsAsStated": [],
    "productScopeAsStated": "满足以下特性的物项，未经许可，不得出口：（一）镓相关物项：金属镓（单质）、氮化镓、氧化镓、磷化镓、砷化镓、铟镓砷、硒化镓、锑化镓；（二）锗相关物项：金属锗（单质）、区熔锗锭、磷锗锌、锗外延生长衬底、二氧化锗、四氯化锗。",
    "productCodes": [
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112929010",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112929090",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112999000",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2850001901",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009001",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690001",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2825909001",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009002",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690002",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2853904030",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009003",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690003",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2853909026",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009004",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690004",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2853909028",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009005",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690005",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2842909024",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009006",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690006",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2853909029",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009007",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690007",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112921010",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112921090",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "8112991000",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2853904040",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009008",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690008",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2825600002",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009009",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690009",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "2827399001",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3818009010",
        "role": "reference"
      },
      {
        "system": "cn_customs",
        "code": "3825690010",
        "role": "reference"
      }
    ],
    "controlledItemTypes": [
      "goods"
    ],
    "controlledStages": [
      "refining",
      "processing"
    ],
    "legalBasisEventIds": [
      "evt-cn-ecl-2020"
    ],
    "legalBasisAsStated": "《中华人民共和国出口管制法》《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》《中华人民共和国海关法》",
    "modifiesMeasureIds": [],
    "modifiesExternalInstruments": [],
    "statusHistory": [
      {
        "status": "scheduled",
        "date": "2023-07-03",
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-23",
        "until": "2023-08-01",
        "note": "Announced 3 July 2023."
      },
      {
        "status": "in_force",
        "date": "2023-08-01",
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-23",
        "until": null,
        "note": "本公告自2023年8月1日起正式实施。"
      }
    ],
    "evidence": [
      {
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-23",
        "supports": [
          "measure_type",
          "direction",
          "clause",
          "targets",
          "materials",
          "product_scope",
          "product_codes",
          "legal_basis",
          "status"
        ],
        "evidence": "explicit",
        "locator": "Preamble; Items 1, 2 and 8",
        "note": null
      },
      {
        "sourceId": "src-mofcom-23",
        "supports": [
          "item_scope"
        ],
        "evidence": "ambiguous",
        "locator": "Preamble; Items 1, 2 and 8",
        "note": "Stages read from the item list: the metals and zone-refined germanium ingots sit at refining; the compounds, oxides, tetrachloride and epitaxial substrates at processing. The announcement names items, not stages."
      }
    ],
    "notes": "Every listed customs code is printed as a reference code (参考海关商品编号); the item descriptions govern. Items 2–7 set out the licensing procedure. The announcement names no destination, so it applies to exports to every jurisdiction."
  },
  "event": {
    "id": "evt-cn-gage-2023",
    "date": "2023-07-03",
    "jurisdiction": "china",
    "titleEn": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 23 of 2023 on export controls on gallium- and germanium-related items",
    "documentNumber": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 23 (2023)"
  },
  "modifiedBy": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "src-mofcom-23",
      "title": "MOFCOM/GACC Announcement No. 23 of 2023 (gallium and germanium)",
      "publisher": "Ministry of Commerce (China)",
      "url": "https://aqygzj.mofcom.gov.cn/qdml/art/2023/art_c2ae3d2061e14e97ba608de1ed565f78.html",
      "language": "zh",
      "datePublished": "2023-07-03",
      "dateAccessed": "2026-08-10",
      "sourceType": "official",
      "confidence": "primary",
      "notes": "Primary MOFCOM/GACC announcement (No. 23 of 2023) implementing export controls on gallium- and germanium-related items; effective 1 August 2023 (本公告自2023年8月1日起正式实施). Inspected directly for the verbatim Chinese justification clause. Like the graphite announcement and unlike the rare-earth and tungsten measures, the text carries no non-proliferation clause."
    }
  ]
}